Its presence may also have been masked by the high prevalence of alpha thalassaemia in the same environment.
These findings confirm that the frequency of beta thalassaemia in western Nigeria is higher than previously thought and that many of the individuals studied may be silent carriers of the beta thalassaemia trait. The mean HbA(2) value was 2.7% among those with HbF 3%. Twenty-six percent of the subjects had HbA(2) values higher than 3.9% while 86% had HbF values greater than 1%, twenty-four percent had elevated HbA(2) and HbF. The mean HbA(2) among the subjects was 3.3% (range 2.0-5.6%) while the mean HbF was 2.6% (range 0.4-8.8%). Haemoglobin A(2) and HbF were determined in healthy adults who have haemoglobin A genotype by elution after electrophoresis and alkaline denaturation methods respectively. A recent study however suggest a high prevalence of beta thalassaemia in the same population, hence the need for this study. The frequency of alpha thalassaemia is equally high among Nigerians but there is little information on beta thalassaemia in this population. Genes for thalassaemia, haemoglobin S, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which confer resistance to malaria are found in high frequencies in Nigeria, 25% of the population being carriers of the sickle cell trait while another 25% are hemizygous for the G6PD gene. As the case of thalassemia is increasing from year to year, it is necessary that prevention starts with screening in individuals who have relatives known as a carrier or thalassemia patient. If the percentage of carriers is associated with the birth rate and the number of Indonesian population and based on the study, it is estimated that the number of thalassemia patients born each year around 2500 children.
Indonesia, has several areas that are endemic to malaria, there are many cases of abnormalities in Hb including thalassemia.
In Southeast Asia with more than 600 million people, abnormalities in hemoglobin including thalassaemia, HbE and HbCS are the most common and highly prevalent genetic disorders. Sickle cell anemia is the most prevalent compared to beta major and HbE-beta thalassemia. The birth rate of homozygous or compound heterozygous hemoglobinopathies, including alpha and beta thalassemia is less than 2. Hemoglobinopathy includes structural abnormalities and haemoglobin synthesis disorders (thalassemia), is a single gene disorder that was originally found in malaria endemic areas but nowadays can be found all over the world.
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